![]() Compact fluorescent lamps are now available in the same popular sizes as incandescents and are used as an energy-saving alternative in homes.īecause they contain mercury, many fluorescent lamps are classified as hazardous waste. For comparison, the luminous efficacy of an incandescent bulb may only be 16 lumens per watt.įluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than incandescent lamps because, among other things, they require a ballast to regulate current through the lamp, but the initial cost is offset by a much lower running cost. The typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50–100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with comparable light output. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than an incandescent lamp. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. Ī fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. ![]() ![]() In this lamp, the filament is surrounded by an oblong metal cathode shield, which helps reduce lamp end darkening. A "tombstone" style lamp-holder for T12 and T8 G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps Inside the lamp end of a preheat G13 lamp. In the US, this symbol is now required on all mercury-containing fluorescent lamps. The (Hg) symbol indicates that this lamp contains mercury. Typical F71T12 100 W G13 bi-pin lamp used in tanning beds. This shows us how the globular clusters in our own Milky Way might have looked when they formed 13 billion years ago.Integrated compact fluorescent lamps of different shapes with E27 socket and an electronic ballast in the base. Astronomers determined this star cluster is gravitationally bound and likely to persist until the present day. Smaller dots on either side of Earendel are two images of one older, more established star cluster, estimated to be 10 million years or older. The region forming stars appears elongated, and is estimated to be less than 5 million years old. On either side of the wrinkle of maximum magnification, which runs right through Earendel, these features are mirrored by the distortion of the gravitational lens. Features include both young star-forming regions and older established star clusters. Webb’s NIRCam also shows other remarkable details in the Sunrise Arc. However, based solely on the colours of Earendel detected by Webb, astronomers think they see hints of a cooler companion star. Astronomers did not expect Webb to reveal any companions of Earendel since they would be so close together and indistinguishable on the sky. Stars of this mass often have companions. Webb’s NIRCam ( Near-Infrared Camera) instrument reveals the star, nicknamed Earendel, to be a massive B-type star more than twice as hot as our Sun, and about a million times more luminous. Within that galaxy is the most distant star ever detected, first discovered by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This image from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope shows a massive galaxy cluster called WHL0137-08, and at the right, an inset of the most strongly magnified galaxy known in the Universe’s first billion years: the Sunrise Arc.
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